The Use Of Characterization In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson

When a loving, caring, family oriented, women come in conflict with the horrible, despicable, inhumane lottery in a situation in which the town goes together, the results may be a terrible end in a young life. In â€Å"The Lottery† written by, Shirley Jackson, the main character Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson’s and the town folk are the main characters of this story. In â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson uses the use of characterization to portray the main ideas of the story. Shirley Jackson also uses the use of plot structure and the point of view in which the story is being told. The Lottery is a way to make a sacrifice for a good harvest in the upcoming season. The use of characterization is a crucial part of the story. The first use of characterization†¦show more content†¦The fact that he has participated in the lottery seventy seven times it has become a way of life for him. The lottery has become a part of him. Just like everyday people the use of a cell phone becomes part of us. If someone asked to get rid of this device the people would go into an uproar. Old Man Warren’s motivation is to continue the lottery for as long as he lives. As it is a way of life, and a way to produce a bountiful crop. Throughout the story, it is told from the third person point of view. This gives the reader a sense of understanding between all of the town folks. It makes the logic and reasoning behind each town member easier to access. This point of view gives the reader an idea of what different town people think of the lottery. For example, Old Man Warren does not believe that the lottery should ever be stopped. While some other members of the town were talking about how â€Å"that over in the north village they’re talking about giving up the lottery†(413). If Shirley Jackson wrote this story another way the reader would not receive the information and knowledge from the other characters like they do in the third person point of view. This overall is a strength with this point of view for Shirley Jacksons story. The implication that is seen through this point of view towards the story is that it gives all members of the village to speak and express their feelings about the lottery . It allows the reader to truly understand how the peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1149 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize their original purpose- or becoming outdated. In â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, she highlights the detrimental causes of what happens when a tradition is continued, and the original history is forgotten. There are many traditions that are no longer followed today because they no longer serve a purpose, but in â€Å"The Lottery,† the outdated tradition is still being followed by the community. Due to the brutality of â€Å"The Lottery,† Jackson warns of the consequences of simply following something justRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story847 Words   |  4 Pagesdramatic. â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, and it is a great example of a story that uses all three types. Parts of the story and the whole story itself use irony to confuse but entertain the reader. Situational irony is defined as something happening that was the opposite of what was expected. â€Å"The Lottery† uses situational irony for the entire plot of the story. In the beginning of the story, families are gathering in the town square to draw names for a lottery. The settingRead MoreEssay on Symbolism and Characterization in Jackson’s The Lottery726 Words   |  3 Pagespassed on, from previous generations in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†. Traditions, which have been lost in time, but seemingly enough the stones have not been discarded. Set on a village in a warm summer day, the story begins with several boys gathering stones for the lottery. The rest of the villagers gather in the square. The fate of the villagers is determined by a slip of paper chosen from the black box. Symbolism and characterization, from the beginning to the end, work togetherRead More The Rocking Horse Winner and The Lottery Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesIn both â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† by D.H. Lawrence and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, the authors take critical aim at two staples of mainstream values, materialism and tradition respectively. Both authors approach these themes through several different literary devices such as personification and symbolism; however, it is the authors use of characterization that most develop their themes. Well be taking a look at the parallel passages in the stories that advance their themes particularly whenRead MoreShirley Jackson And Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown And The Lottery1453 Words   |  6 PagesENG102-FA2017 Young Goodman Brown The Lottery Julia Williams There is a lot that goes into a fictional story, especially for the writer of the story. Most readers don’t look closely enough at a story to realize how much truly goes into it. Two major aspects that go into writing a fictional story include characterization and setting, both of which play a major role in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. Without the settings and characters inRead MoreExpect the Unexpected1898 Words   |  8 PagesExpect the Unexpected What thoughts come to mind when you think of â€Å"The Lottery?† Positive thoughts including money, a new home, excitement, and happiness are all associated with the lottery in most cases. However, this is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery†. Here, the characters in the story are not gambling for money, instead they are gambling for their life. A shock that surprises the reader as she unveils this horrifying tradition in the village on this beautifulRead MoreEssay about The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson2214 Words   |  9 PagesWorld War, Shirley Jackson’s life was filled with graphic imagery of the violence existing throughout her world. Jackson’s husband Stanley Edgar Hyman wrote, â€Å"[Shirley’s] fierce visions of dissociations and madness, of alienation and withdrawal, of cruelty and terror, have been taken to be personal, even neurotic fantasies. Quite the reverse: They are a sensitive and faithful an atomy of our times, fitting symbols for our distressing world of the concentration camp and the bomb† (â€Å"‘The Lottery’† 144)Read MoreCreating horror in the Lottery979 Words   |  4 PagesCreating Horror Authors use a number of different tones, settings, themes, characterizations, and points of view in order to create a fictional world inside the readers head. We see these tools used in contrasting ways in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. The distinctive techniques used in these short stories leave you feeling uneasy once you finish them. Using different methods, both authors create a story of horror for their readers. The tonesRead MoreFeminism, The Yellow Wallpaper, And Jackson s The Lottery1205 Words   |  5 PagesGilman (feminist) and Shirley Jackson (writer), are women that used their works of literature to show their views on the ways men controlled their wives physically and mentally. Rich wrote Living In Sin, Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper, and Jackson wrote The Lottery. Although each work of literature is written by a different author, they each have the same common theme, feminism. These writers displayed this common theme throughout the use of literary devices, characterization, setting, and plot structureRead MoreEssay on Theme of the Unexpected in The Lottery1819 Words   |  8 PagesExpect the Unexpected What thoughts come to mind when you think of The Lottery? Positive thoughts including money, a new home, excitement, and happiness are all associated with the lottery in most cases. However, this is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s short story, The Lottery. Here, the characters in the story are not gambling for money, instead they are gambling for their life. A shock that surprises the reader as she unveils this horrifying tradition in the village on this beautiful

The Scarlet Letter The Puritan Society - 1421 Words

Amanda Davidson English-Mahany 10/3/14 Puritans In Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan society is portrayed as an inwardly and outwardly ugly group of people that followed a set of their own rules. In the very first scene, you can see how their religion and harsh attitudes start to develop. When Hester Prynne is presented in front of the whole town, the community’s reactions and comments towards her gives us a sense of what kind of people they are. Hester’s first reaction to the taunting and yelling of the crowd is the immediate instinct to hide the scarlet letter. Considering she hides the â€Å"A† by holding her â€Å"sin borne child† to her chest and covering it up, she does not do a very good job. The crowd continues to yell and taunt by telling her that they all know what she did, and she cannot hide from it. When Hester realizes that she cannot hide her sin with another sin, she turns a new direction and, instead, stands proud. Later in the punishment, the crowd begins to try and convi nce her to say who the father is. She is very reluctant to do so, and will clearly not give up the name, but the crowd keeps trying. The women are even more brutal than the men. They shout things like â€Å"this is not enough...put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne s forehead...she should be put to death!† The endless shaming by the townspeople is an example of the Puritans’ seeming lack of empathy, or sympathy, towards someone who sins. Hester is not the only one who is beingShow MoreRelatedPuritan Society In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1127 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne harshly criticizes Puritan society. From hypocrisy to forgiveness, Hawthorne uses hidden messages and motifs to express his criticism of society and to spread his messages. A social judgement explored by Hawthorne is that a majority perspective stifles individuality. Dimmesdale best exemplifies the social judgement presented in the novel. Puritanical society’s ideals suppress Dimmesdale’s desire to come out as a sinner because he has a status he isn’t willingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : The Puritan Society And The Past Present Relationship Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesThe Scarlet Letter envisions the Puritan society and the past-present relationship: â€Å"†¦Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter was an instant success because it handled spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American point of view. Lewis notes that the novel was originally charged with perpetrating bad morals , even though Hawthorne could not have handled the material more carefully , reiterating the sentiment that sexual urges lead to immortality and moral decay...† (WomackRead More Hawthorne Critiques Puritan Society in His Works, Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter1773 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne Critiques Puritan Society in His Works, Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter Many American writers have scrutinized religion through their works of literature, however none had the enthusiasm of Nathaniel Hawthorne. A handful of Hawthornes works are clear critiques of seventeenth century Puritan society in New England. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter illustrate his assessment by showing internal battles within characters, hypocrisy in religiousRead MoreSin and Corruption of Puritan Society Illustrated in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, Millers The Crucible, and Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Hus951 Words   |  4 PagesPuritans may have tried to give themselves the appearance of a perfect society, but it was really just as corrupt and full of sinners as any society today. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Crucible by Arthur Miller and â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† by Anne Bradstreet, there is evidence for this. In Puritan literature, although they try to hide it, sin is very common, in that Puritans do th e opposite of what they preach, but still harshly punish those who sin. Affairs are a commonRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter? Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is famous for his long fictional work the scarlet letter in 1850, which is still considered as the most important work of him. The scarlet letter involves the presence of facts and figures to support the text and also includes the fictional work in the text. Hawthorne was actually inspired from the manuscripts he got in the custom house in Salem while he was working as an executive officer or the surveyor in custom house where the taxes are paid, their he foundRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages The scarlet letter is a text written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 a fictional work which tells about the history of England during the puritan age and the story of women named Hester Prynne. The author feels this text as a romantic work because the text includes about love and the adulteress. The text involves facts and fiction of the author such as the â€Å"Custom-House is a fact and real, while the author was working as a surveyor in the Salem custom house inRead MoreHow Does the Scarlet Letter Comment on Religion in America? Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion of the United States throughout its history. Although Puritan practices was accepted under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, both James I and Charles I believed that their authority had full power to enforce religious standards among their subjects and so they authorized the persecution of Puritans, who were challenging many of the most important rules of the English church. As a result, in the 1620s and 1630s a number of English Puritans decided to move to America, where they hoped to put theirRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Crucible And The Scarlet Letter1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir beliefs are challenged? Most societies have a code of conduct, which sets certain b ehaviors meant to keep harmony. Those that question authority are perceived as dangerous and most often, end up being silenced. Opinions and ideas can cause doubts in a government, resulting in the loss of control and power over the people. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Crucible by Arthur Miller depict those same societal issues. The Scarlet Letter explains the consequences, that aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : Wilderness Vs. Society1259 Words   |  6 PagesWilderness vs. society In the novel Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne presenting the idea for humans to endure the laws of nature and conscience, rather than following the laws of man, to fulfill happiness. The novel consists of a young woman named Hester Prynne carrying her infant daughter named Pearl. The golden letter A embroidered on Hester’s bosom symbolizes adultery, a vile sin which is looked down upon in her community. She encounters Dimmesdale, an influential Puritan priest whoRead MoreA Perception of Sin: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter871 Words   |  4 PagesThrough out the course of history, those who were considered sinners were often out casted from the society. This is much the case with Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. After a public trial, Hester is considered a sinner due to her birthing of a so called â€Å"devil child†. Hester is convicted to the life long bearing of a scarlet letter on her chest. The Scarlet Letter that Hester Prynne wears symbolizes the change in perception of sin through out the novel. Due to the revelations

Women as Crime Victims Free Essays

It is my belief that everyone has been affected by crime sometime in their life. Crime is inevitable because evil is in the human nature. While this is the case, women tend to experience more violent crimes because they are unwilling or unable to defend themselves appropriately against their attackers. We will write a custom essay sample on Women as Crime Victims or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a common fear among women of being sexually assaulted, raped, abused, or being the victim of any crime because of their inability to stand up for themselves because of being the weaker sex. While it is true that women have been the victims of other crimes, these three are especially dreaded because of the nature of the crime and the consequences of being the victim. There are many programs that focus on preventing violence against women as well as studies being performed in order to reduce the amount of women becoming victims of crime. These studies are important and may prevent some women from the experience of being a victim; however, ultimately does not eliminate violence against women. Prevention needs to begin from parents to the child while they are young. This can help give the child a structure in which to follow as an adult and provide future skills to help prevent them from becoming victims of violence. In an article by Pat brown, she states, â€Å"It is imperative that you understand the world of psychopaths and criminals: how they think, where they lurk, and how they lure and grab victims† (Brown, 2012, p. 50). She further goes on about a letter she received after a television interview. Brown’s article referenced the letter (2012) I just saw you on ‘The Today Show’ speaking about a recent tragedy involving the violent murder of a recent high school graduate by, police believe, her boyfriend â€Å"In that interview you spoke directly to girls who have recently broken up with their partner, advising that if that partner requests a meeting post-breakup that it not be done privately because the partner is counting on the fact that she’s nice and will agree to meet. ‘ I can’t agree with you enough! I fear, however, that we—in particular women—don’t actually teach our girls that it’s okay to refuse that ‘one last time’ or that it’s okay and likely wise to break up in a public place or over the phone even, when one’s partner exhibits dangerous traits. â€Å"Moreover, we don’t even do a good job of teaching our girls how, in the depths of teenage love, to spot the subtle signs that scream ‘danger. ‘ Nor do we teach them how to put words to those gut instincts that tell us something is amiss with our partner and relationship, or, simply, that we deserve better than what we’ve been experiencing in the relationship at hand. We do, however, do a great job of teaching them that it’s important to be nice, understanding, caring, and nurturing without also teaching them to be wise and deeply instinctual, as though the former and latter attributes are mutually exclusive. (p. 50) This woman is absolutely correct in my opinion. We need to educate our children while they are young on ways to prevent becoming a victim to crime. Women especially need to be aware of signs of domestic violence, unstable behaviors, risky behavior and potential situations that can put them in harm’s way. Women are more prone to sexually derived crimes like sexual assault and rape. Although these crimes can also happen to men, I believe that women are more often the target of this type of crime because women tend to be the weaker sex and are more easily overpowered by a man’s strength. According to our text, â€Å"†¦the majority of all women’s non-fatal victimizations are committed by someone the woman knows. In addition, one-third of all women homicide victims are murdered by intimate partners compared to 5% of men† (Northern Arizona University, 2009, p. 142). These statistics are a harsh reality that we as women need to recognize, realize and prepare for. Considering sexually derived crimes as one of the most horrific kind of crime out there, we need to begin to spread awareness on how to protect ourselves. This day in age it is important that every adult woman know how to fire a gun as well as simple life saving techniques for survival when being attacked. After all, violence will continue, and according to Bindel, â€Å"Violence against women is an international epidemic. It has been identified by the World Health Organization as a grave health issue, affecting more people than HIV and Aids† (Bindel, 2010, p. 38). References Bindel, Julie. 2010. â€Å"A weapon against half the world.† New Statesman 139, no. 4991: 38-39. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed July 1, 2013). Brown P. Saving Your Daughter’s Life. USA Today Magazine [serial online]. November 2012;141(2810):50-51. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 1, 2013. Northern Arizona University. (2009). Investigating difference: Human and cultural relations in criminal justice. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. How to cite Women as Crime Victims, Papers

The School of Rock free essay sample

School of Rock The School of Rock is about an over confident guitarist Dewey Finn played by Jack Black. This film is written by Mike White, it is produced by Scott Riding along with being directed by Richard Eliminate. In this film Dewey Finn is a selfish so called rock star. He pushes his luck with the band and uses people to get what he wants or where he wants. A lot of the way through this film you come to terms with what makes the film what it is today, like lighting techniques, the uses of sound, the use of camera ND so forth, this all sets up the viewers for the rest of the film.The film starts with what looks like a spotlight onto a mans t-shirt, this then joins in with the title graphics as on the back of his T-shirt is Paramount Pictures the way this is presented is eye catching as the spotlight on the mans back shows you that is where you focus the title graphics are embedded into the film, the print is white bold lettering onto a black background on the mans t-shirt, you can also here the mans footsteps as he walks in front of the camera. We will write a custom essay sample on The School of Rock or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soon we are led to the door of the club, the door swings open with a thud, showing it is a fire exit door, the lighting in this frame is dull and misty almost, when the door is swung open you notice the clubs name in bold red neon lighting, we see this straight away as it is eye catching because of the bright red color and the dark wall that the name is presented on, the clubs name is The School of Rock.In the short time we see this name, the S flickers, this then shows the audience that the club/venue is not the best or newest place around, as the camera moves away from the name, we see the audience by the stage, bar and tables, once again the lighting is dull, in the background you can hear music coming from the stage, The music is faint but gradually grows louder the closer you get to the stage immediately you are drawn to the stage as it is the only thing lit up well in the club, the band playing is very calm and focused, except for the guitarist, Dewey Finn, he jumps around the stage and doesnt take it seriously, the camera cuts to a long shot, and you see the band properly for the first time, the rest of the band are taking it seriously, but Dewey is not. The camera then cuts to a close up, and changes from Dewey to the other band members; this shows the audience that the band members are tired of Dewey it is no surprise that Dewey will shortly be kicked out of the band.After a few moments, Dewey rips off his T-shirt and does a stage dive, however, nobody catches him, at this point you can see how the camera follows him with a hand-held shot, therefore, making it more realistic, when Dewey hits the floor of the venue, people gather around him, the lighting used here its green, but still very dull, this gives us the hint that he is drunk. The sound used in this specific scene you can here glass smashing, bottles rolling away and people mumbling, slowly this all turns into traffic and people outside the next morning moving into the next scene. As this all changes the camera in the club, hovers over Dewey on the floor the pans out and revolves, this along with the green lighting implies again that he will be hung over the next morning.Dewey Finn is a very lazy man who uses people all the time, he runs low on rent and needs to get a job quickly, so one day he was in an attempt to sell his attar to make some money to pay back his roommate, Ned, when the phone rings, he answers it and the camera switches to Miss Mullions, the Principal of Hoarseness Prep School, asking for a substitute teacher, the Dewey jumps to this and takes Needs place as a substitute, however, the Miss-en-scene is horrific, the contrast between Miss Mullions and Dewey Ann is enormous, Dewey is lazy, scrappy, selfish, extremely untidy, and stubborn, M iss Mullions however, is the complete opposite, this contrast between the two characters prepares the audience for the film to be a comedy.

Influence of Television on the American Society

Child Abuse †Creative Writing Essay

Child Abuse – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers Child Abuse Creative Writing Essay The sun was setting and the sweat on the boy’s forehead was dying away. He was certain that he would get to have dinner tonight, that his step mother would be proud; After all he had stolen 5 pounds, a cell phone and a silk embroidered jacket. He had arrived to his door step. He looked up into the sky and pleaded for a chance, a chance to eat, a chance to live like a normal child. With a sigh, and crossed fingers behind his back. He entered the house. Screams barred the walls, and as the special needs association entered the house, the kid was being thrown around like a butterfly with no wings. A woman, his mother was seen behind him, barbarically trusting a baseball bat against his chest. How could it be his mother? †¦ Every year, millions of children are abused, tortured and forced to live in homes where they do not belong. Whether it’s because they are adopted or whether it’s because their parents are alcoholic, children have no right to be treated in that way. Statistics have shown that more than 40% of special care victims are due to abusive treatment. They have also proved that most of these victims were abused without fault. A child’s mind works like a machine. Their thoughts, hopes and dreams are physiologically built. If they were to be raised up in such harsh conditions where home was prison, the children would suffer mentally, physically and emotionally. This includes lack of self esteem, education, and the chance of becoming intolerant, arrogant and abusive when he/she grows older. This is not all however; bullying is a quite a significant issue when it comes to dealing with abuse as it can lead the child with no friends, therefore affecting his/her education and a risky future. Research has shown that children suffering from child abuse may be described as experiencing trauma-attachment problems. The trauma experienced is the result of abuse or neglect, inflicted by a primary caregiver, which disrupts the normal development of secure attachment. A child of abuse is scarred for life perhaps not physically, but certainly mentally. Thoughts like contemplating suicide, stealing, lying, loneliness, and treating others the way the child was treated become a primary source, a want and a need. A lot of measures have been taken to prevent child abuse from happening however, a lot more needs to and can be done. Firstly, all parents should be notified and should be taught that their children are blessings and that abusing them in any situation will prove nothing but inhumanity. Secondly, if children are to be adopted, there should under go various processes and should be reminded that if parents are adopt a child, he/she should be treated like every member of the family. Thirdly, child support organizations and various support groups should take notice of this issue. The boy had repeatedly been beaten as he had not stolen more than 5 dollars. What could he do? It was to happen and so it did. The child crouched up into a cocoon, waiting to be set free. At that moment, a group of people arrived in black suits with gun. The mother stopped and looked at the woman unknowingly. She backed off, knowing that she was going to get arrested. The child lay there and there at that moment a tear strolled down his cheek, a tear of joy. It was a new beginning to a new journey. He didn’t know what it would be like however, one thing was set for sure, it would never be like the journey that had just ended. Research Papers on Child Abuse - Creative Writing EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Standardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Gender and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gender and crime - Essay Example This stereotype and discrimination has gone as far as to the criminals who do not consider women cops in the same bracket of authority as male cops and hence undermine their authority as well as openly defy them. This has led to many policewomen contemplating to quit the force (BBC News, 2012). There is widespread failure by policemen to protect women from gender-based violence. Research indicates numerous cases of rapes that either go unsolved, take a long time to solve as well as the rapists having a lower conviction rate as the years advance. This is also the case with domestic violence cases where the voices of the violated women are not heard and the policemen are not doing much about the situation (Guardian, 2010). Maybe the situation can change if women cops are given more authority power and respect to handle such cases. The criminal justice system has the mandate to make policies regarding crimes and criminal behavior and the people it directly affects which in this case are the policemen and policewomen. The justice system should enforce the policies that are related to equal jobs distribution and upholding of ethics of conduct for both men and women officers serving in the police force. If there are no existing policies on the issue, they should formulate and pass such a policy (Barton & Johns, 2013). This will ensure to protect the women officers from discrimination and harassment in the workplace as well as provide them with equality status and respect from the fellow officer and the criminals as well as to all the civilians. On the issue of domestic violence and rape cases conviction cases, the criminal justice system should enhance its policies on conviction from the moment of investigation to the prosecution. It is the slow process of investigation that leads to destruction of evidence which is crucial in these cases. The

Peer To Peer File Sharing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peer To Peer File Sharing - Essay Example People like it ‘free’ when it comes to downloading from the internet. As internet is normally meant for sharing of information, the concept is hardly hit as the copyright material are also made available online by various file sharing websites inflicting huge monetary losses to the companies. Hummel, Lechner and Eikemeier (n.d. p.1) mentioned that peer to peer (p2p) seems to be synonym for the popular sharing of music and other kinds of digital data and the concept is definitely liked by the consumers which is evident from the fact that Napster, one popular p2p application, reaching 50 million user marks quicker than any technology. It is further stated that p2p technologies have become subject of many controversial discussions and red rag to the media industry because the technology is often used for the unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material (Aichroth, Hasselbach, Thommes and Ullrich, n.d., p.47). The music industry is suffering huge losses due to decrease i n their sales of record labels which has given rise to legal sanctions ordering the closure of websites indulging in file sharing activities.

Hagar in The Stone Angel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hagar in The Stone Angel - Essay Example On various occasions the hero of a tragedy is given opportunities to overcome his mistakes. Many modern writers have extended the category of a tragic hero and have included a common man who is equally capable of becoming a tragic hero. Hagar, in The Stone Angel is one such example. Hagar is a common woman with self-made dignity. She has a misstep, a tragic flaw, which is her unconquerable pride. As she says â€Å"Pride was my wilderness and the demon that led me there was fear... [I was] never free, for I carried my chains within me, and they spread out from me and shackled all I touched.† Her pride became the cause of her failed relationships with her father, brothers and sons. On various occasions Lawrence makes us understand her proud nature. She would not pretend to be her mother to console her dying brother. The incident ruined her relationship with her brother Matt. Her proud nature became the cause of her poor relationship with her husband. She felt too proud to show her emotions towards her husband. She refused to let John and Arlene stay in her house for the night. She refused to cry at the death of Arlene. â€Å"I shoved her [matrons] arms away.  Ã‚  I straightened my spine... I wouldnt cry in front of strangers, whatever it cost me†. The realization, that her pride came in the way of her son’s happiness, came to her very late. Hagar refused to adjust herself to the circumstances. She would not shift to the nursing home and instead told Doris and Marvin to move out of the house. Her stubborn nature came in the way of her happiness. It led her to her destruction. The tragedy of Hagar is that she refuses to change. Although Hagar and King Lear appear similar in their journey to self-discovery, a major difference becomes evident in the after effects of their epiphanies. Lear is redeemed after his epiphany and pushes away his pride. He reconciles with his daughter and is sent to jail, which does not matter

To which extent do host country effects influence HRM

To which extent do host country effects influence HRM In the past century, globalisation became a buzzword. The economy growth entailed workplaces and standards of living. National based companies became multinational companies, which included a change in the old fashioned way of doing business. Nowadays, companies have to face the local needs of different countries while focusing on the companys global goals. Finding the right mix of these two forces is one of the main challenges for the Human Resource (HR) management department of a multinational company. Discussion Facts about cultural differences There are different ways of responding to the local needs of different countries. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are companies which have mostly autonomic subsidiaries in their operating countries. These subsidiaries work independent and are so called stand-alone businesses. They want to satisfy local needs and address the customers directly. However, MNEs are still influenced by the parent company, but, vice versa, the subsidiary also affects its parent company (institutional effects). Multinational companies have a high responsiveness and a low global efficiency (Snell Bohlander, 2007). The high responsiveness affects the Human Resource department of a company. The main challenge for the HR department in a multinational enterprise is to find the balance of global standardization and localization. Global standardization mainly focuses on the companys culture and its strategy and structure, which finally leads to its goals. Localization is more concerned on the host country itself including cultural and institutional environment. Both modes deal with the firm size and maturity (Zagelmeyer, 2010). The cultural environment of a country consists of the education, social structure, values and ideologies, communication, and religion (Snell Bohlander, 2007). These factors are very important for company decisions. Therefore, it is the task of the Human Resource departments to face the five factors, which are defined by Geert Hofstede: 1 Power distance, which deals with how power is distributed in a country and how the inhabitants accept this distribution. 2 Uncertainty avoidance, which is about how uncertainty is tolerated in a country. 3 Masculinity describes the role of genders in a country. 4 Individualism examines to which extent people are integrated into a group. 5 Long-term orientation is about the degree to which people plan and consider the future and how important values and traditions are for them (Nevins, Bearden Money, 2006). Other factors which influence cultural differences are: 6 Human orientation which refers to the degree to which inhabitants of a country are fair, altruistic, generous, caring and kind to others (Zagelmeyer, 2010). 7 Assertiveness is about the degree to which inhabitants are assertive, confrontational and aggressive in the relation with others. 8 Future orientation, to which degree people behave future oriented. 9 Performance orientation discusses to which degree people are able to receive and give performance outcomes analyses (Zagelmeyer 2010). Impact of cultural and institutional differences on HRM All these nine factors define the culture of a country and the company operating in this country and therefore Human Resource management should adapt when needed. To get a closer understanding of how these factors influence Human Resource management, we have to analyze its different practices. It starts with recruitment and selection. In countries like the United States, the Human Resource departments look for employees who are able to work in a collectivistic work environment. Team players are highly wanted. Here, collectivism plays a major role whilst it is the opposite in countries like China as these societies are low in group-collectivism (Zagelmeyer, 2010). The Human Resource department would look for someone who is able to accept decisions and rules from above without questioning them. Past individual achievements are very important for job selections in individualistic countries. The different education systems (public and private) also influence the recruitment and selection process. This also affects the training and development practice, which is another Human Resource management task. The challenge is to find the right mix of masculinity in a country. In some countries like the United Kingdom it is normal that women are in high positions, whilst other countries like Japan do not accept females in such an extent. The compensation of employees also differs from country to country. The main task for HR is to find the balance between a fixed- or a performance-based salary depending on the uncertainty levels of the host country. High on uncertainty avoidance implies that employees tend to prefer a fixed salary and in societies with low on uncertainty avoidance, employees are more risk tolerated and therefore accept performance-based salary like bonus payments (Zagelmeyer, 2010). Countries with high uncertainty avoidance are for example Russia and Japan, which stand in contrast to countries like Sweden and Great Britain. The institutional effects are influenced by state regulations such as minimum wages, which HR has to take into consideration, too. The last Human Resource management assignment is about task completion. In this tool, collectivism versus individualism plays a major role. In a country like the United States, tasks are often completed in groups where teamwork is very important. In China, this is rather unusual as individual performance is much more important. In terms of the institutional context, this means that tasks are gender divided according to the host country. These are just some examples how host countries effects influence Human Resource management. These examples show that there is a high effect on Human Resource management, especially if countries differ in their dimensions. Generally, it is easier for a parent company to open a subsidiary in a country with similar cultures, traditions and regulations. Conclusion Nowadays, companies have to go abroad to stay competitive, and therefore a country analysis like the one made by Geert Hofstede can help to identify potential conflicts and define different approaches to individual tasks. However, one has to say that the effect of a host country towards Human Resource management is huge and comprises a high degree of potential conflicts but nevertheless there are many ways to balance these issues. As mentioned above, finding the right mix between companys interests and cultural awareness is crucial to survive in a globalized world.

journalism Essay -- essays research papers

A journalist is someone who works in the news gathering business, such as a photographer, editor or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our perspectives on issues concerning us. In other words, its undeniable that journalism has a deep impact on our lives. There are two sides to journalism – good journalism and bad journalism. According to K. Minogue, the journalist has the power to mould the information they receive into â€Å"propaganda† or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced President Nixon of the USA from office in 1974. Hence, it is very important that a journalist follow a code of ethics to maintain peace and harmony among the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I agree that even though journalists are said to have a freedom of expression or speech, they still have to have public responsibilities. In Singapore, we journalist have to watch what we say in delicate matters like September 11 attacks and the current Japanese – China issue. The September 11 attacks may cause our society to be more weary of the Muslims in our society. As journalists, we must we careful not to generalize that all Muslims are extremists. What we can do is to ask our Muslim community on their opinion on the terrorists’ acts and publish it in the news. Since Singapore is a cosmopolitan city, racial and religious matters must be treated diplomatically and fairly. The other races would then be able to understand the Muslims better. Understanding each other would really help nation building as there is social cohesion and thus Singapore would be a peaceful and harmonious home for all. Honesty is another aspect which is very significant. Journalists should observe the common standards of decency and stand accountable to the public for the honesty and accuracy of their news reports. A journalist should not modify or influence any information that goes into their hands. They could do so by using suggestive words and withholding necessary information. Many a time journalists try to create a hype or to make their paper sell like hotcakes by compromising honesty. In Singapore, it is written in the Singapore Jou... ...ght to a certain extent for journalism around the world especially Singapore. Australia and Singapore differ in culture and governance, hence some of the principles may not work in the latter country. Singapore has to provide more protection in journalism to preserve the diverse culture she has. Thus its natural for the government to be more strict by imposing fines if a journalist publish unethical news. This would strengthen the bond of trust of the people in Singapore. References: Goh C. T. (2004) in International Press insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singapor.htm http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htm http://www.aliran.com/charter/monitors/2004/11/spore-has-more-press-freedom-than-msia.html http://www.asne.org/index.cfm?id=888 http://www.sph.com.sg/ http://www.usinfo.pl/aboutusa/media/ethics.htm http://www.alliance.org.au/ http://www.media-solicitors.co.uk/ Lee, KY (2004) in International Press insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singapor.htm Minogue, K. Journalism: Power without responsibility http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htm